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Empathy on the path toward justice, depolarization, grace

If empathy is not an end in itself, it is nevertheless a skill and a tool that can move people toward other positive ends. In situations of unequal power, empathy may help people with more power rethink and rework the imbalance. In situations of polarization, it may reduce tensions -- a potential start for collective problem solving. And victims of hateful and violent acts may find that it allows them to extend grace and forgiveness and in so doing reclaim agency and find some measure of freedom. With this collection, I don't want to suggest that people who have been wronged or who find themselves on the underside of a power imbalance need to cultivate empathy for their oppressors nor imply that empathy necessarily restores justice and creates structural change. Yet exploring the range of empathy's uses means considering how it has been mobilized to disrupt systems that seemed impervious and to disarm powerful people in situations where anger and the desire for retribution were more likely responses.

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Tools for teaching empathy

According to the AAC&U VALUE rubric for Intercultural Knowledge and Competence, the skill of empathy can be learned.  This collection includes presentations created to help learners develop this skill.

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The Shadow Side of Empathy

Empathy, or the ability to identify with or to interpret the world through the feelings and perspectives of another person, figures as a highly desirable skill for intercultural competence or effectiveness -- and rightly so if the goal is to bridge cultural differences. Yet Paul Bloom's The Case Against Empathy (2016) and Fritz Breithaupt's The Dark Sides of Empathy (2019) suggest that empathy is not an end unto itself. In fact, it is also used as an intentional or unintentional tool for exploitation and reinforcing power differences. The activities and articles in this collection include an exploration of the shadow side of empathy -- something that can help intercultural learners grasp the complexity of intercultural relations and consider their own values and motivations for developing and using empathy.  

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Intercultural Contact, Competence, and Conviviality: A Proposal for Campus Engagement and Belonging

Buntain, L. (2021). Intercultural contact, competence, and conviviality: A proposal for campus engagement and belonging (Publication No. 30506429) [Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2838333849?sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses

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Anything Students Can Learn, Staff and Faculty Can Learn Too: Intercultural Learning in Staff and Faculty Study Abroad

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of intercultural learning modules introduced to a faculty and staff study abroad program.

Buntain, L. (2023, April). Anything students can learn, staff and faculty can learn too: Intercultural learning in staff and faculty study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 35(1). https://frontiersjournal.org/index.php/Frontiers/article/view/738

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Sherlock Holmes

In Sherlock Holmes, participants are given objects and asked to be detectives by making conclusions about the individual to whom the items belong. In this activity, participants seek to understand the importance of the constant self-reflection needed to be interculturally competent, explore how each of us sees the world around us and how we make meanings, and appreciate that we have multiple cultural identities and that combinations of identities work together in different contexts" (Rao, 2012, p. 179). 

Rao, N. (2012). Sherlock Holmes. In K. Berardo & D. K. Deardorff (Eds.), In Building cultural competence: Innovative activities and models (pp. 179-182). Stylus Publishing.

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Commemoration Activity

In this activity, participants discuss how culture affects who gets commemorated and how that commemoration occurs, identify global sources of knowledge, and seek to understand multiple worldviews related to social justice issues in education.

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Examining Monuments as Cultural Expression

In this activity, participants learn to recognize points of correspondence between monuments and the controversies that they generate, recognize disparities between monumental structures, and develop an appreciation for difference, without reducing materials to a hierarchical ranking of better and worse. 

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Examining the Syllabus as Cultural Artifact

In this activity, participants learn to articulate how cultural values, beliefs, and assumptions inform educational systems, develop self-awareness of their own cultural values, beliefs, and assumptions, and "appreciate rather than judge cultural differences and create more inclusive learning spaces" (Harvey, 2018).

Harvey, T. (2018, February 26). Examining the syllabus as cultural artifact. True North Intercultural. https://www.truenorthintercultural.com/blog/examining-the-syllabus-as-cultural-artifact

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Cultural Artifact Activity (Virtual)

This is the virtual version of Cultural Artifact (Show and Tell) in which participants analyze and discuss culture based on objects of cultural significance. 

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Cultural Artifact (Show and Tell)

In this activity, participants analyze and discuss culture based on objects of cultural significance. 

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Revisionist History: The Foot Soldier of Birmingham

This podcast episode is from Malcolm Gladwell's Revisionist History. 

"Birmingham, 1963. The image of a police dog viciously attacking a young black protester shocks the nation. The picture, taken in the midst of one of Martin Luther King Jr.’s most famous marches, might be the most iconic photograph of the civil rights movement. But few have ever bothered to ask the people in the famous photograph what they think happened that day. It’s more complicated than it looks" (Gladwell, 2017).

Gladwell, M. (Executive Producer and Host). (2017, July 6). The foot soldier of Birmingham. In Revisionist history. Pushkin. https://www.pushkin.fm/podcasts/revisionist-history/the-foot-soldier-of-birmingham

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Instructional Materials for Portable Intercultural Modules (PIM): Tricky Communication

Portable Intercultural Modules (PIM) are small learning units focused on a single element of intercultural competence (one construct from the American Association of Colleges & Universities VALUE rubric for Intercultural Knowledge and Competence). PIM are turnkey solutions that address the needs of instructors who don't see themselves as experts in intercultural learning. They are meant to be embedded within disciplinary course content, and multiple PIM can be integrated systematically throughout a program of study to support students' development of intercultural competence over a longer period of time.

This self-guided online course presents a helpful orientation to instructors utilizing one or more of the three PIM that focus on interactions across cultural difference where the potential gap between intent and impact makes it difficult to navigate relational dynamics successfully. The course provides a general introduction to PIM, explores the theoretical constructs taught in the Tricky Communication PIM, exemplifies a range of implementation options from more basic to more engaged, and offers suggestions for facilitation. Questions about PIM can be directed to CILMAR at cilmar@purdue.edu.

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PIM Tech Tips

This document outlines some helpful technical information for instructors who are embedding one or more Portable Intercultural Modules into their course or program.

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TED Talk: Taiye Selasi: Don't ask where I'm from, ask where I'm a local

"When someone asks you where you're from … do you sometimes not know how to answer? Writer Taiye Selasi speaks on behalf of 'multi-local' people, who feel at home in the town where they grew up, the city they live now and maybe another place or two. 'How can I come from a country?' she asks. 'How can a human being come from a concept?'"

Selasi, T. [TED]. Taiye Selasi: Don't ask where I'm from, ask where I'm a local | TED [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYCKzpXEW6E

 

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Home for Christmas? I am. But also, in My Dreams.

This article, from Megan Norton, intercultural communication specialist and trainer, explores the complex concept of home. 

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How Can Third Culture Kids Love and Appreciate their Home Country?

This article, from Megan Norton, intercultural communication specialist and trainer, explores the reentry process for Third Culture Kids and concept of home.

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When “Home” Spans The Globe: A Look At How The Concept Of Home Is Constructed By Highly Mobile High-Skilled Transnational Migrants

This paper, written by Megan Norton, intercultural communication specialist and trainer, describes the stories of transnational migrants and how they construct and negotiate the idea of home.

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Sundae Schneider-Bean's In Transit Podcast

Sundae Bean is an intercultural strategist, transformation facilitator, and solution-oriented coach, who invites guests on her podcast to talk about living across cultures, transformation, and purpose. Several of her podcast episodes link to the theme of "home," including, but not limited to the below:

 

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The Farewell: Family & Cultural Difference (film)

In this activity, participants analyze how families negotiate and bridge cultural differences and reflect on cultural dynamics/conflicts within their own families. 

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The Home Questionnaire

In this activity, participants define the concept of "tribal identity," reflect on a time spent at home with their "tribe," and identify and assess the roles/behaviors/traits of this "tribe." 

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A Place Called Home

In this activity, participants reflect on an important "home" place/memory, analyze what they consider a "home," and learn about other cultures' versions of home. 

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Where Do You Go When...?

In this activity, participants identify and reflect on what they feel are their “true selves,” in addition to any “other selves” in which they do not feel like themselves.

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