Pirius, L. K. (2007). Massively multiplayer online game virtual environments: A potential locale for intercultural training. Unpublished dissertation;  University of Minnesota. 

The purpose of this study is to address the educational problem of current intercultural training methods being location based, expensive, and relatively inaccessible. To address the problem, this study aims to explore the possibility of utilizing massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) to deliver intercultural training. This study ends with a recommended model for intercultural training in a virtual environment. The model includes the process for engaging in intercultural training, as well as, necessary training components. The components include being grounded in intercultural training theory, interaction, reflection, group work, respect and trust, role-playing, a safe learning environment, a focus on developing skill, and external documents for continued learning outside of formal training.