Source: 2014 - Exploring perceived communicative competence in upper-level L1 and L2 interactions in higher education, Heejung Kwon

This dissertation study explores the ways in which second language learners (L2) and native speakers of English (L1) form perceptions of one another and negotiate miscommunication in the process of intercultural competence development. The study showed that L2 were highly motivated but anxious during the interaction with L1, while L1 reported empathy toward L2 and expressed anxiety in understanding L2's needs or feelings.