From the abstract: "...[the authors] describe how VR training experiences are typically created and delivered using the current software and hardware...then discuss the challenges and solutions of applying VR training to different application domains, such as first responder training, medical training, military training, workforce training, and education. Furthermore, [they] discuss the common assessment tests and evaluation methods used to validate VR training effectiveness. [They] conclude the article by discussing possible future directions to leverage VR technology advances for developing novel training experiences."

Xie, B., Liu, H., Alghofaili, R., Zhang, Y., Lobo, F., Jiang, Y., Li, C., Huang, H., Akdere, M., Mousas, C., & Yu, L. (2021). A review on virtual reality skill training applications. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2(4), 1-19. doi: 10.3389/frvir.2021.645153.

From the abstract: "The current study addresses the gap in the [Human Resource Developmen] HRD literature by conducting the first empirical research related to VR technology and its impact on training. The paper examines [virtual reality-based simulations] VRBS with a mixed methods research design within the interpersonal skills training context, comparing the effectiveness of this new medium to more traditional training platforms such as [video-based training] VBT."

Akdere, M., Acheson, K., & Jiang, Y. (2021). To simulate or not to simulate? Comparing the effectiveness of video-based training versus virtual reality-based simulations on interpersonal skills development. Human Resource Development Quarterly.

Akdere, Mesut & Acheson-Clair, Kris & Jiang, Yeling. (2021). An examination of the effectiveness of virtual reality technology for intercultural competence development. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 82. 109-120. 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.03.009. 

This study examines the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) technology as an innovative learning platform in developing intercultural competence, including intercultural knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs.