This assessment survey was adapted by Dr. Daniel Jones, CILMAR, Purdue University, from the following:

Wu, C. & Yao, G. (2008). Psychometric analysis of the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) in Taiwanese undergraduate students. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(8), 1762-1771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.02.003

Anderson-Butcher, D., & Conroy, D. E. (2002). Factorial and Criterion Validity of Scores of a Measure of Belonging in Youth Development Programs. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(5), 857–876. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316402236882