I DIVE is based on the well-known D-I-E exercise (more detail/explanation provided in the overview & instructions document in Downloads), as influenced by the following sources:

Bennett, J. M. (2009). Transformative training: Designing programs for culture learning. In M. A. Moodian (Ed.), Contemporary leadership and intercultural competence: Exploring the cross-cultural dynamics within organizations. Sage.

Bennett, J. M., & Bennett, M. J. (2004). Description, interpretation and evaluation. In J. M. Bennett, & M. J. Bennett (Eds.), Developing intercultural competence: a reader. The Intercultural Communication Institute.

Bennett, M. J. (1998). Intercultural communication: A current perspective. In M. J. Bennett (Ed.), Basic concepts of intercultural communication (pp. 1-34). Nicholas Brealey Publishing.

Chen, G., & Starosta, W. (2008). Intercultural Communication Competence. In M. Asante, Y. Miike, & J. Yin (Eds.), The global intercultural communication reader (pp. 215-238). Routledge.

Schaerli, S. (2012). [The I DIVE analysis instrument]. Unpublished raw data.