From the abstract: "Building on a dual-dimension framework, this paper explores and presents the perceived immigrant contribution construct and develops a scale as a tool to measure perceptions of economic or realistic (i.e., physical resources) and symbolic (i.e., cultural resources) immigrant contributions."

Li, S., & Kung, F. Y. H. (2023). Assessing perceptions of immigrant contribution: Scale development and organizational implications. Academy of Management Discoveries. https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2020.0150